Fourier theory is pretty complicated mathematically. But there are some beautifully simple holistic concepts behind Fourier theory which are relatively easy to explain intuitively. There are other sites on the web that can give you the mathematical formulation of the Fourier transform. I will present only the basic intuitive insights here, as applied to spatial imagery.
K. Ren, и H. Wang. (2023)cite arxiv:2308.08819Comment: 23 pages. v2: fixed small typo in abstract and added more details to arguments, main results unchanged.