Conclusion (mine, not the authors) We have very little evidence for what helps those who end up being given a diagnosis of ‘personality disorder’ when they are in crisis. The studies with the best evidence were those most related to what we know helps people with this diagnosis (or what helps people with recurrent self-harm and suicidality with histories of abandonment and abuse). It could be argued that the areas without the evidence are the ones that move furthest from what is known to help. It would be useful if services for this group of people were designed with them in mind, rather than creating environments that include what is known to be unhelpful, while a failure to thrive is attributed to their diagnosis.