Our favorite iconoclast, Erik Meijer, presented a very interesting talk at a recent GOTO Chicago event, Functional Programming Night. He originally planned on doing his popular "Fundamentalist Fu
Rich Hickey is the creator of the Clojure programming language. Most recently (over the past couple of years), Rich has been putting his iconoclastic ways to work on data programmabilit
emir burak In Informatics, there are two (related) meanings of the word "monad": * A triple (T,eta,mu) following some laws in category theory * A way of structuring functional programs The first meaning can probably not be described easily in natural language. Michael Arbib and Ernest Manes' "Arrows, Structure, Functors - The Categorical Imperative". describe them as (generalized monoids) in Section 10.2 and through adjointness to the forgetful functor from algebras to sets. That last connection basically makes everything that we can write down or model using abstract syntax / universal algebra a monad. The second view is described in Wadler's papers. I mention category theory because we can describe things that are not computations as monads. It also reminds us why a monad is a collection of things taken together. With the List example in mind, a potentially more revealing account on monads (aka triples) can be found in the free book Barr, Wells
Just fire up your REPL and see for yourself how the malleable syntactic structures of the language grow in front of your eyes, alongside your program. Whether this is through Lisp macros or Ruby meta-programming or Scala control structures, the secret sauce is in the ability to implement more and more powerful abstractions within the language. But what makes one language shine more compared to another is the ability to combine abstractions leading to more powerful syntactic structures. Recently people have been talking about the Maybe monad and its myriads of implementation possibilities in Ruby. Because of its dynamic nature and powerful meta-programming facilities, Ruby allows you to write this .. @phone = Location.find(:first, ...elided... ).andand.phone Here andand is an abstraction of the Maybe monad that you can seamlessly compose with core Ruby syntax structures, effectively growing the Ruby language.
Fan is an OO, functional programming language designed to cross compile to both the Java and .NET platforms. It provides a concise syntax along with elegant, cross portable libraries.
The Hugs98 interpreter has been extended with features which lets you instantiate and use .NET objects from within Haskell, and vice versa Hugs98 for .NET takes a hands-off approach, providing 'just' the ability to interoperate well with .NET. That is, it does not try to compile Haskell into .NET's IL and have the .NET run-time execute it. Instead the Hugs98 interpreter operates side-by-side with the .NET run-time
So why is the restriction imposed? The reasoning behind it is fairly subtle, and is fully explained in the Haskell 98 report. Basically, it solves one practical problem (without the restriction, there would be some ambiguous types) and one semantic problem (without the restriction, there would be some repeated evaluation where a programmer might expect the evaluation to be shared). Those who are for the restriction argue that these cases should be dealt with correctly. Those who are against the restriction argue that these cases are so rare that it's not worth sacrificing the type-independence of eta reduction.
H. Grosskreutz, S. Rüping, and S. Wrobel. European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, page 440--456. Springer, (2008)
M. Atzmueller, and F. Lemmerich. International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS), page 35--44. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, (2009)