%0 Journal Article %1 Friedman2000 %A Friedman, A. %A Diamond, M. %A Johnston, M. V. %A Daffner, C. %D 2000 %J Am J Phys Med Rehabil %K Adolescent; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Botulinum Toxin Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Elbow Joint; Hemiplegia; Humans; Infant; Muscle Spasticity; Prospective Studies; Quadriplegia; Range of Motion, Articular; Wrist Joint %N 1 %P 53--9; quiz 75-6 %T Effects of botulinum toxin A on upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. %V 79 %X OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin A inhibits presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and has reportedly been successful in the treatment of spastic disorders. This prospective study attempted to determine whether botulinum toxin A injection resulted in clinically measurable gains for 4 mo. DESIGN: Measurements were obtained from 32 children (range, 1-18 yr; average age, 6.9 yr) with hemiplegic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy before and at 1, 3, and 4 mo after botulinum toxin A injections. Spasticity was measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale for 12 different joints. RESULTS: Results showed that spasticity as measured by Ashworth scores for elbow and wrist extension clearly declined (P < 0.02) by 1 mo after botulinum toxin A injection, and diminished spasticity continued for 3-4 mo. Caregivers reported improvement in subjectively rated management, appearance, and function. However, patient response to botulinum toxin A injection was not predictable. Age had no significant relationship to gains. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed on the use of botulinum toxin A to diminish spasticity and improve function.

@article{Friedman2000, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin A inhibits presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and has reportedly been successful in the treatment of spastic disorders. This prospective study attempted to determine whether botulinum toxin A injection resulted in clinically measurable gains for 4 mo. DESIGN: Measurements were obtained from 32 children (range, 1-18 yr; average age, 6.9 yr) with hemiplegic or quadriplegic cerebral palsy before and at 1, 3, and 4 mo after botulinum toxin A injections. Spasticity was measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale for 12 different joints. RESULTS: Results showed that spasticity as measured by Ashworth scores for elbow and wrist extension clearly declined (P < 0.02) by 1 mo after botulinum toxin A injection, and diminished spasticity continued for 3-4 mo. Caregivers reported improvement in subjectively rated management, appearance, and function. However, patient response to botulinum toxin A injection was not predictable. Age had no significant relationship to gains. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed on the use of botulinum toxin A to diminish spasticity and improve function.}, added-at = {2014-07-19T19:29:05.000+0200}, author = {Friedman, A. and Diamond, M. and Johnston, M. V. and Daffner, C.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/296e14aafa6af436f8f05c368c0e651ba/ar0berts}, groups = {public}, interhash = {ebfd130cff832c7bfb915330288a6d80}, intrahash = {96e14aafa6af436f8f05c368c0e651ba}, journal = {Am J Phys Med Rehabil}, keywords = {Adolescent; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Botulinum Toxin Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Elbow Joint; Hemiplegia; Humans; Infant; Muscle Spasticity; Prospective Studies; Quadriplegia; Range of Motion, Articular; Wrist Joint}, number = 1, pages = {53--9; quiz 75-6}, pmid = {10678604}, timestamp = {2014-07-19T19:29:05.000+0200}, title = {Effects of botulinum toxin A on upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.}, username = {ar0berts}, volume = 79, year = 2000 }