%0 Journal Article %1 Mittleman1995 %A Mittleman, M A %A Maclure, M %A Robins, J M %D 1995 %J American journal of epidemiology %K 80andover Adult Aged Bias(Epidemiology) Case-ControlStudies ConfoundingFactors(Epidemiology) Cross-OverStudies Exercise Female Humans Male MiddleAged Models MyocardialInfarction MyocardialInfarction:epidemiology Risk Statistical %N 1 %P 91-8 %T Control sampling strategies for case-crossover studies: an assessment of relative efficiency. %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785679 %V 142 %X The case-crossover study design is a method to assess the effect of transient exposures on the risk of onset of acute events. Control information for each case is based on his/her past exposure experience, and a self-matched analysis is conducted. Empiric evaluation of five approaches to the analysis of case-crossover data from a study of heavy physical exertion and acute myocardial infarction onset is shown. The data presented are from the Onset Study, a case-crossover study of the determinants of myocardial infarction onset conducted in 45 centers from August 1989 to October 1992. In model 1, exactly one control period (matched on clock-time) was sampled per case. In models 2-4, up to 25 control periods were sampled, and the effect of clock-time on the baseline hazard of infarction was modeled. In model 5, a census of the person-time experienced by each subject over the year preceding the infarction was sampled. The 95% confidence interval for model 1 was 2.7 times wider, and the relative efficiency, defined as v infinity/vM, where vM represents the asymptotic variance estimate of the estimated log relative risk with M control periods sampled per case, was only about 14% of model 5. In models 2-4, the efficiency increased with the number of control periods, regardless of the modeling assumptions. Even with many control periods sampled, models 2-4 achieved only half the efficiency of model 5. The control sampling strategy in any given case-crossover study should be selected with the trade-offs between precision and potential biases of the estimates in mind.

@article{Mittleman1995, abstract = {The case-crossover study design is a method to assess the effect of transient exposures on the risk of onset of acute events. Control information for each case is based on his/her past exposure experience, and a self-matched analysis is conducted. Empiric evaluation of five approaches to the analysis of case-crossover data from a study of heavy physical exertion and acute myocardial infarction onset is shown. The data presented are from the Onset Study, a case-crossover study of the determinants of myocardial infarction onset conducted in 45 centers from August 1989 to October 1992. In model 1, exactly one control period (matched on clock-time) was sampled per case. In models 2-4, up to 25 control periods were sampled, and the effect of clock-time on the baseline hazard of infarction was modeled. In model 5, a census of the person-time experienced by each subject over the year preceding the infarction was sampled. The 95% confidence interval for model 1 was 2.7 times wider, and the relative efficiency, defined as v infinity/vM, where vM represents the asymptotic variance estimate of the estimated log relative risk with M control periods sampled per case, was only about 14% of model 5. In models 2-4, the efficiency increased with the number of control periods, regardless of the modeling assumptions. Even with many control periods sampled, models 2-4 achieved only half the efficiency of model 5. The control sampling strategy in any given case-crossover study should be selected with the trade-offs between precision and potential biases of the estimates in mind.}, added-at = {2023-02-03T11:44:35.000+0100}, author = {Mittleman, M A and Maclure, M and Robins, J M}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20350988d962e86836a963981f82d4842/jepcastel}, interhash = {9a08109681e5675443a47cc7ad5cb70b}, intrahash = {0350988d962e86836a963981f82d4842}, issn = {0002-9262}, journal = {American journal of epidemiology}, keywords = {80andover Adult Aged Bias(Epidemiology) Case-ControlStudies ConfoundingFactors(Epidemiology) Cross-OverStudies Exercise Female Humans Male MiddleAged Models MyocardialInfarction MyocardialInfarction:epidemiology Risk Statistical}, month = {7}, note = 2446, number = 1, pages = {91-8}, pmid = {7785679}, timestamp = {2023-02-03T11:44:35.000+0100}, title = {Control sampling strategies for case-crossover studies: an assessment of relative efficiency.}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785679}, volume = 142, year = 1995 }