Article,
AN APPRAISAL OF AQUATIC POLLUTION: A REVIEW
Agricultural Science : An International journal (AGRIJ), 1 (2): 1-19 (April 2024)
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems, comprising oceans, rivers, lakes, and wetlands, play a crucial role in supporting a
diverse array of marine and freshwater life, providing essential ecological services. Despite their
significance, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by various forms of pollution, including
chemical contaminants, nutrient loading, sedimentation, and plastic waste. This review aims to
comprehensively analyse the impacts of aquatic pollution on these ecosystems, beginning with an
exploration of pollutant sources and types, such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, untreated
sewage, and atmospheric deposition. The analysis delves into the physical and chemical characteristics of
pollutants and their interactions with aquatic organisms and habitats. Examining ecological consequences
on different levels individual organisms, populations, communities, and entire ecosystems the review
covers various aquatic organisms, detailing how pollution affects their physiological functions,
reproduction, growth, and survival. Cascading effects on predator-prey interactions, food webs, and
biodiversity are explored, along with impacts on water quality, temperature, oxygen levels, and nutrient
cycling, leading to issues like eutrophication and algal blooms. Furthermore, the review discusses how
aquatic organisms respond and adapt to pollution, including behavioural, physiological, and genetic
responses. It explores the potential for pollutant accumulation and biomagnification in aquatic food
chains, posing risks to human health. Lastly, existing regulatory frameworks and management strategies
for mitigating aquatic pollution are evaluated, emphasizing the urgent need for continued research,
enhanced monitoring programs, and informed policy decisions to preserve and restore the health and
resilience of these invaluable ecosystems.
