Abstract
The occurrence of a first-order hadron-quark matter phase transition at high
baryon densities is investigated in astrophysical simulations of core-collapse
supernovae, to decipher yet incompletely understood properties of the dense
matter equation of state using neutrinos from such cosmic events. It is found
that the emission of a non-standard second neutrino burst, dominated by
electron-antineutrinos, is not only a measurable signal for the appearance of
deconfined quark matter but also reveals information about the state of matter
at extreme conditions encountered at the supernova interior. To this end, a
large set of spherically symmetric supernova models is investigated, studying
the dependence on the equation of state and on the stellar progenitor. General
relativistic neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics is employed featuring
three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino transport and a microscopic hadron-quark hybrid
matter equation of state class, that covers a representative range of
parameters. This facilitates the direct connection between intrinsic signatures
of the neutrino signal and properties of the equation of state. In particular,
a set of novel relations have been found empirically. These potentially provide
a constraint for the onset density of a possible QCD phase transition, which is
presently one of the largest uncertainties in modern investigations of the QCD
phase diagram, from the future neutrino observation of the next galactic
core-collapse supernova.
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